GRE Argument思路解析

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GRE Argument思路解析

　　引導語：GRE寫作對很多同學來說都是GRE考試的難點所在，那么到底應該如何攻克GRE寫作呢?應屆畢業生培訓網在此就和大家分享一下GRE Argument思路解析，希望能夠幫助到您。

GRE Argument思路解析

　　解析一

　　"On Balmer Island, where mopeds serve as a popular form of transportation, the population increases to 100,000 during the summer months. To reduce the number of accidents involving mopeds and pedestrians, the town council of Balmer Island should limit the number of mopeds rented by the island's moped rental companies from 50 per day to 25 per day during the summer season. By limiting the number of rentals, the town council will attain the 50 percent annual reduction in moped accidents that was achieved last year on the neighboring island of Seaville, when Seaville's town council enforced similar limits on moped rentals."

　　Write a response in which you discuss what questions would need to be answered in order to decide whether the recommendation is likely to have the predicted result. Be sure to explain how the answers to these questions would help to evaluate the recommendation.

　　步驟：夏天人口增多 + 摩托車是主要交通工具 → 到了夏天摩托車引起的事故會增多

　　假設：夏天增多的人口會造成嚴重的摩托車問題

　　反例：城市交通秩序好，摩托車司機都很職業，很守規矩，歷年來都沒出什么事故

　　補充證據：往年夏天的摩托車事故率

　　步驟：SV執行了摩托車禁令 + 之后SV的事故減少50% → 是禁令減少的事故

　　假設：沒有它因

　　反例：道路拓寬;司機培訓更嚴格;交通法規更嚴格;警察多了

　　補充證據：……

　　步驟：SV成功 → BI成功

　　假設：兩城的租賃摩托車都是主要摩托車的來源;過去兩城摩托車都能夠租出去

　　反例：SV的摩托車都是租的，但是BI的摩托車都是私家的;SV的都租出去了，但是BI的本來就租不到每天25輛

　　補充證據：兩城摩托車的主要來源;既往摩托車每天實際租賃量

　　步驟：BI成功減少夏天的事故→全年事故的減少

　　假設：夏天的事故是全年事故的主要來源

　　反例：夏天路況好，人多不是事故的來源。全年事故主要來源于冬天路面結冰。而冬天車輛沒減少，所以事故不會減少50%

　　證據：全年的事故數量變化表。

　　解析二

　　The following appeared as a letter to the editor from a Central Plaza store owner.

　　"Over the past two years, the number of shoppers in Central Plaza has been steadily decreasing while the popularity of skateboarding has increased dramatically. Many Central Plaza store owners believe that the decrease in their business is due to the number of skateboard users in the plaza. There has also been a dramatic increase in the amount of litter and vandalism throughout the plaza. Thus, we recommend that the city prohibit skateboarding in Central Plaza. If skateboarding is prohibited here, we predict that business in Central Plaza will return to its previously high levels."

　　步驟：滑板增多之后生意下降;店主的話 → 滑板導致生意下降

　　假設：沒有它因;店主的話可靠

　　反例：店主經營不善;經濟危機;網購增多

　　補充證據：商店策略的變化;社會經濟環境的變化;消費習慣的變化

　　步驟：滑板增多之后垃圾和破壞公物增多→滑板導致

　　假設：沒有它因

　　反例：管理不善

　　補充證據：調查plaza對于環境維護的投入的變化

　　步驟：滑板導致生意下降→禁止滑板可以使生意恢復

　　假設：滑板沒有造成plaza聲譽的毀滅性打擊

　　反例：滑板徹底使得消費者對plaza失去興趣，并在其它地方形成了新的商業區，形成了固定的消費行為

　　補充證據：消費者目前有沒有形成新的消費區域

　　解析三

　　The following appeared in a letter to the editor of the Balmer Island Gazette.

　　"The population on Balmer Island increases to 100,000 during the summer months. To reduce the number of accidents involving mopeds and pedestrians, the town council of Balmer Island plans to limit the number of mopeds rented by each of the island's six moped rental companies from 50 per day to 30 per day during the summer season. Last year, the neighboring island of Torseau enforced similar limits on moped rentals and saw a 50 percent reduction in moped accidents. We predict that putting these limits into effect on Balmer Island will result in the same reduction in moped accidents."

　　Write a response in which you discuss what questions would need to be answered in order to decide whether the prediction and the argument on which it is based are reasonable. Be sure to explain how the answers to these questions would help to evaluate the prediction.

　　173. The following appeared in a letter to the editor of the Balmer Island Gazette.

　　"The population on Balmer Island doubles during the summer months. During the summer, then, the town council of Balmer Island should decrease the maximum number of moped rentals allowed at each of the island's six moped and bicycle rental companies from 50 per day to 30 per day. This will significantly reduce the number of summertime accidents involving mopeds and pedestrians. The neighboring island of Torseau actually saw a 50 percent reduction in moped accidents last year when Torseau's town council enforced similar limits on moped rentals. To help reduce moped accidents, therefore, we should also enforce these limitations during the summer months."

　　Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.

　　11. The council of Maple County, concerned about the county's becoming overdeveloped, is debating a proposed measure that would prevent the development of existing farmland in the county. But the council is also concerned that such a restriction, by limiting the supply of new housing, could lead to significant increases in the price of housing in the county. Proponents of the measure note that Chestnut County established a similar measure ten years ago, and its housing prices have increased only modestly since. However, opponents of the measure note that Pine County adopted restrictions on the development of new residential housing fifteen years ago, and its housing prices have since more than doubled. The council currently predicts that the proposed measure, if passed, will result in a significant increase in housing prices in Maple County.

　　步驟：CC執行政策之后房價沒有升高 → CC的政策沒有影響房價

　　假設：沒有它因抵消政策的效果

　　反例：經濟蕭條;環境嚴重污染……

　　補充證據：……

　　步驟：PC執行政策之后房價升高 → PC的政策導致了房價升高

　　假設：沒有它因

　　反例：降商業稅;開發旅游業;人口增長

　　補充證據：……

　　步驟：MC房價會增

　　假設：MC和PC更相似而和CC不相似

　　反例：和CC更相似

　　補充證據：MC和PC與CC各方面情況的對比

　　解析四

　　Fifteen years ago, Omega University implemented a new procedure that encouraged students to evaluate the teaching effectiveness of all their professors. Since that time, Omega professors have begun to assign higher grades in their classes, and overall student grade averages at Omega have risen by 30 percent. Potential employers, looking at this dramatic rise in grades, believe that grades at Omega are inflated and do not accurately reflect student achievement; as a result, Omega graduates have not been as successful at getting jobs as have graduates from nearby Alpha University. To enable its graduates to secure better jobs, Omega University should terminate student evaluation of professors.

　　Write a response in which you discuss what specific evidence is needed to evaluate the argument and explain how the evidence would weaken or strengthen the argument.

　　步驟：執行評分系統之后教授給的成績更高->評分導致了教授給虛高成績

　　假設：沒有它因

　　反例：很可能這個制度恰恰督促教師們好好教課，帶來了學生水平的提高

　　證據：調查學生實際學術能力的變化

　　步驟：教授給了虛高的成績->雇主就因為虛高的成績而不錄用O的學生

　　假設：雇主了解這個事實

　　反例：什么都不知道，就是教學質量下降，學生水平不行

　　證據：調查學生實際能力

　　步驟：O比A找工作難->O找工作比以前更難了

　　假設：以前不比A找工作難

　　反例：一直都不如A，可能因為專業方向

　　證據：過去的找工作情況對比

　　解析五

　　In an attempt to improve highway safety, Prunty County last year lowered its speed limit from 55 to 45 miles per hour on all county highways. But this effort has failed: the number of accidents has not decreased, and, based on reports by the highway patrol, many drivers are exceeding the speed limit. Prunty County should instead undertake the same kind of road improvement project that Butler County completed five years ago: increasing lane widths, resurfacing rough highways, and improving visibility at dangerous intersections. Today, major Butler County roads still have a 55 mph speed limit, yet there were 25 percent fewer reported accidents in Butler County this past year than there were five years ago.

　　Write a response in which you discuss what specific evidence is needed to evaluate the argument and explain how the evidence would weaken or strengthen the argument.

　　步驟：事故數量沒減少 → 限速沒用

　　假設：事故的嚴重性沒變

　　反例：以前撞死人，現在撞傷人

　　證據：嚴重事故的變化

　　步驟：根據report很多人在超速 → 限速沒用

　　假設：超速的人沒減少;超速的人速度沒降低

　　反例：超速的人已經大幅減少;以前超速超在80，現在超速超在65

　　證據：超速人數的對比;平均車速的對比

　　步驟：BC采取了一系列措施之后報告的事故少了25% → BC的措施起了作用

　　假設：沒有它因

　　反例：人口少了;私家車少了

　　證據：調查實際車輛數量變化

　　步驟：BC的措施起作用了 → PC模仿可以一樣有效

　　假設：兩城的交通狀況，路面條件相似

　　反例：我們的路已經很寬很平了，十字路口都很開闊;真正導致我們事故多的是超速，酒駕……

　　證據：根據我們的實際事故來源分析決定合理的應對方式

　　解析六

　　The following appeared as part of an article in a business magazine.

　　"A recent study rating 300 male and female Mentian advertising executives according to the average number of hours they sleep per night showed an association between the amount of sleep the executives need and the success of their firms. Of the advertising firms studied, those whose executives reported needing no more than 6 hours of sleep per night had higher profit margins and faster growth. These results suggest that if a business wants to prosper, it should hire only people who need less than 6 hours of sleep per night."

　　步驟：那些企業有著faster growth和higher profit margin → 那些企業prosper

　　假設：企業的成功可以被成長率和利潤率所代表

　　反例：利潤率高不見的實際利潤高，定價太高，產品銷量差;成長率可能是盲目拓張帶來的

　　證據：調查企業的利潤

　　步驟：這些執行官只睡6小時 + 它們企業成功 → 睡6小時帶來的成功

　　假設：沒有它因

　　反例：員工努力;員工素質高;行業是市場的趨勢

　　證據：……

　　步驟：廣告行業的執行官只睡6小時帶來了企業的成功 → 所有行業所有員工只睡6小時都會帶來企業的成功

　　假設：各行業的人的睡眠需求時相似的

　　反例：生產領域，疲勞會帶來事故;執行官很忙，但是員工并不需要這樣

　　證據：各行業各職位的實際工作壓力