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專(zhuān)四作文預(yù)測(cè)范文：如何解決人才流失的問(wèn)題
無(wú)論是身處學(xué)校還是步入社會(huì)，大家對(duì)作文都不陌生吧，通過(guò)作文可以把我們那些零零散散的思想，聚集在一塊。怎么寫(xiě)作文才能避免踩雷呢？下面是小編整理的專(zhuān)四作文預(yù)測(cè)：如何解決人才流失的問(wèn)題，希望對(duì)大家有所幫助。
題目要求
How to solve the brain drain problem existing in universities in China has been a hot topic as our economy develops steadily. The following excerpt offers some opinions on this issue. Read the excerpt carefully and write your response in about 300 words, in which you should:
1. summarize briefly the author’s opinion;
2. give your comment.
Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.
Every country sends out students. What makes China different is that most of these bright minds have stayed away. Only a third have come back, according to the Ministry of Education; fewer by some counts. A study this year by a scholar at America’s Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education found that 85% of those who gained their doctorate in America in 2006 were still there in 2011.
To lure experts to Chinese universities, the government has launched a series of schemes since the mid-1990s. These have offered some combination of a one-off bonus of up to 1m yuan ($160 ,000), promotion, an assured salary and a housing allowance or even a free apartment. Some of the best universities have built homes for academics to rent or buy at a discount. All are promised top-notch facilities. Many campuses, which were once spartan, now have swanky buildings. The programmes have also targeted non-Chinese. A “foreign expert thousand-talent scheme”, launched in 2011, has enticed around 200 people. Spending on universities has shot up, too: six fold in 2001-2011. The results have been striking. In 2005-2012 published research articles from higher-education institutions rose by 54%; patents granted went up eightfold.
But most universities still have far to go. Only two Chinese institutions number in the top 100 in the Times Higher Education World University Rankings. Shanghai’s Jiao Tong University includes only 32 institutions from mainland China among the world’s 500 best. The government frets about the failure of a Chinese scholar ever to win a Nobel Prize in science.
Pulling some star scholars back from abroad will not be enough to turn China into an academic giant. Many of those who return do so on a part-time basis. According to David Zweig of the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, nearly 75% of Chinese nationals who were lured by a “thousand-talent programme” launched in 2008 did not give up tenure elsewhere. Such schemes have often bought reputation rather than better research. They typically target full professors whose more productive, innovative years may already be behind them. (They also favour experts in science, technology and management.)
Chinese universities have great difficulty fostering talent at home. The premium on foreign experience in China has created perverse incentives, says Cao Cong of Nottingham University in Britain. It sends the message to today’s best and brightest that they should still spend their most productive years abroad. More than 300,000 students leave each year.
Today the signs are more encouraging. Some universities are changing the way they recruit and hence finding it easier to attract staff from abroad. At Peking University departments now hire and promote using international evaluation-methods. They advertise jobs and academics apply for promotion and are rewarded according to their achievements.
Write your response on ANSWER SHEET FOUR.
審題思路
本題探討的是中國(guó)大學(xué)應(yīng)該如何解決人才流失的問(wèn)題，屬于社會(huì)生活類(lèi)話題。要求簡(jiǎn)要概括所給材料中的觀點(diǎn)，并發(fā)表自己的評(píng)論。在具體行文方面，考生可以開(kāi)篇點(diǎn)題，簡(jiǎn)要概括材料中作者的觀點(diǎn)。然后分析人才流失的原因并針對(duì)這一問(wèn)題給出可行的解決途徑。最后總結(jié)全文，重述論點(diǎn)或者升華主題。
高分范文
How to Solve the Brain Drain Problem
To solve the brain drain problem, especially those with an overseas academic experience, China has been taking many measures which range over one-off bonus, promotion, an assured salary and a housing allowance or even a free apartment to attract Chinese professors who work abroad and those foreign professors. This encouragement brings surprising results in boosting the overall academic achievements among universities. However, since Chinese universities notoriously rank low on World University Rankings, there is still a long way to go including adjusting executive measures to cater to these talents.
Fine porcelain, Chinese-landscape scrolls and calligraphy adorn the office of Shi Yigong. Little about his ornamentation hints at Mr. Shi’s 18 years’ professorship at Princeton University in America as his native country started to prosper. In 2008, at the age of 41, he returned to his homeland only to become one of the most famous Chinese scholars to do so.
Mr. Shi’s experience is an emblem of Chinese government’s attempts to match its academic achievements with its economic ones. To solve the brain drain problem, inviting offers have been made to attract the talented back to China. These baits range from a one-off bonus with a handsome sum to housing allowance and even a free but swanky apartment. However, in addition to these comfortable materials, more importantly, some bureaucratic processes should give way to the real freedom which aims at bringing the best out of professors’ productive academic achievements. After all, in today’s market where science and technology play a leading role, we need not adorn our universities with professors with high reputations but barren researches.
All in all, well-thumbed lexicon as the brain drain seems to be, effective measures must be taken to solve this problem. The real power of a nation roots deep in the elite think-tank where professors constitute the largest part. For the sake of our own development, let’s cherish these knowledge-ridden talents in the most effective way!
拓展閱讀：專(zhuān)四作文滿分經(jīng)驗(yàn)及技巧心得
1、注重寫(xiě)好文章的框架
我曾經(jīng)問(wèn)過(guò)我的外教老師，外國(guó)人看文章最注重的是什么，他告訴我說(shuō)是文章的framework.即一篇文章好不好，首先看的不是他的句型，詞匯，或是論點(diǎn)等。而是段落之間的銜接一定要十分清楚，我們不能老是采用大三段的形式-開(kāi)頭，經(jīng)過(guò)，結(jié)尾。我們可以多用用連接詞，例如：first of all,moreover,secondly,lastly等，另外可以多分自然段，給考官一目了然的感覺(jué)。還有我們可以多看看國(guó)外的文章，看看他們的寫(xiě)作模式，我當(dāng)初寫(xiě)文章的時(shí)候，用的就是我看到一篇國(guó)外文章的模式，我覺(jué)得可以套用，我最后介紹給大家。
2、句型的多樣化
如果一篇文章，從頭到尾，永遠(yuǎn)用的只有一種句型，那么這篇文章一定拿不到高分，我們可以適當(dāng)?shù)母膿Q一下句型，我給大家一定建議，希望給大家有點(diǎn)幫助。
3、基本句型包括
�、瘢髦^句；Ⅱ.There be；Ⅲ.主系表結(jié)構(gòu)的句子；Ⅳ.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（我看到一張?zhí)终f(shuō)，不要用被動(dòng)，我不這樣認(rèn)為，國(guó)外的文章，用被動(dòng)的也比比皆是。
4、復(fù)雜句型
包括Ⅰ.并列句；Ⅱ.從句（定語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)，名詞性，非謂語(yǔ)）
5．詞匯的Variety
說(shuō)實(shí)話做到這點(diǎn)真的很難，首先你要有龐大的詞匯量，第二你要用的恰當(dāng)，不出錯(cuò)誤。我自認(rèn)做不到這點(diǎn)，所以我用的詞匯有時(shí)候會(huì)重復(fù)。當(dāng)然大家可以累計(jì)一些固定搭配的詞匯，例如：激烈的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)fierce competition等
6、多舉EXAMPLE（重要）
大家不要小看這點(diǎn)，我認(rèn)為對(duì)于寫(xiě)作基礎(chǔ)不是很好的考生來(lái)說(shuō)，這點(diǎn)是最重要的。一篇文章如果讓你從頭到尾都在講道理，你有這么多話要說(shuō)嗎？而且有時(shí)候還不一定說(shuō)的清楚。那么這時(shí)候你就用例子來(lái)表明你的觀點(diǎn)。我認(rèn)識(shí)一個(gè)朋友，可以說(shuō)她的英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)很差，但她的文章也拿了6分，我問(wèn)她怎么寫(xiě)的，她告訴我說(shuō)就是拼命的舉例子。就這點(diǎn)我也曾問(wèn)過(guò)我的外教老師，他曾是IELTS的考官，他說(shuō)考官歡迎考生多舉例子。
7、建議：
1）寫(xiě)文章最關(guān)鍵的就是審題千萬(wàn)不要出錯(cuò)誤，不然就前功盡棄了。
2）例如小編積累的句子：
Cultivate independence
Develop a strong sense of responsibility
Enhance social awareness
Build up one’s confidence and offer one’s a sense of achievement—realize ones value and capacity
Widen one’s horizon and sharp one’s character
這些句子比較常用，而且在口語(yǔ)考試中也可以派上用處。最后給大家介紹一種寫(xiě)作模式，小編也覺(jué)得很不錯(cuò)：
With unprecedented advances in medical technology, a debate has developed over whether or not a person on life support has the right to die. On one side of the debate are those who say that...... On the other side is the view that...... In my mind, I completely agree/disagree the later .
There is no denying that ......has many positive effects. To begin with,......Secondly, ...... Finally, ......
However, every coin has its two sides. ......is no exception. Many opponents say that ......
To conclude, .....
專(zhuān)四專(zhuān)八作文高分七點(diǎn)注意事項(xiàng)
在平時(shí)，總有很多同學(xué)寫(xiě)信來(lái)詢(xún)問(wèn)同樣的一個(gè)問(wèn)題：“我怎樣才能夠在短時(shí)間內(nèi)提高我的專(zhuān)四寫(xiě)作水平？”答案其實(shí)是否定的。首先我們必須明確：冰凍三尺，非一日之寒；英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)是一個(gè)長(zhǎng)期積累的過(guò)程，短期的突擊無(wú)異于舍本逐末、杯水車(chē)薪。然而，這并不意味著我們不能夠通過(guò)掌握考試規(guī)律來(lái)調(diào)整我們的臨考狀態(tài)、提高我們的應(yīng)考能力。以下，我想就如何利用應(yīng)試規(guī)律、最大限度地發(fā)揮同學(xué)們的寫(xiě)作水平談7點(diǎn)個(gè)人的看法。
1、心理
古人云，不戰(zhàn)而屈人之兵，很大程度上取決于心理因素。隨著考試改革的深入，會(huì)有更多，更新，更難的題目，包括作文題目出現(xiàn)，這樣就要求我們有處驚不變的能力。即使是出現(xiàn)某種沒(méi)有預(yù)料到的題型，考生也應(yīng)該及時(shí)調(diào)整心態(tài)、從容不迫地應(yīng)答。事實(shí)上，歷史經(jīng)驗(yàn)證明：題目要求越是高，難度越是大，考生的發(fā)揮余地也就越大。挑戰(zhàn)和機(jī)遇是成正相關(guān)的。
2、評(píng)分
知己知彼，百戰(zhàn)不怠。熟悉老師的評(píng)分習(xí)慣，對(duì)于考生正常、甚至是超常發(fā)揮自身水平也十分有益。正常情況下，閱卷老師要領(lǐng)會(huì)貫徹考試規(guī)定的評(píng)分原則，依照文章的結(jié)構(gòu)和語(yǔ)言水平進(jìn)行評(píng)分。然而，除此以外，有“兩個(gè)基本點(diǎn)”我們也需要給予足夠的重視――閃光點(diǎn)和語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)。在一篇出類(lèi)拔萃的范文中，我們往往可以看到像提問(wèn)法、諺語(yǔ)總結(jié)法、從句、并列句、理由段公式、理由詞匯、路線句型、插入語(yǔ)、名詞化、和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)等等閃光點(diǎn)；而在一篇低分例文中，基本的語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤則多得數(shù)不勝數(shù)。
3、審題
磨刀不誤砍柴工。在落筆前花兩三分鐘時(shí)間進(jìn)行構(gòu)思，既有利于理清行文思路、也避免了差之毫厘、失之千里的遺憾。尤其是在應(yīng)對(duì)圖表類(lèi)作文時(shí)，我們更是要看清圖表，牢牢把握各個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)的變化和相互關(guān)系，才能夠下筆。否則張冠李戴，即使文章本身再不同凡響、語(yǔ)驚四座，也只會(huì)竹籃打水、甚至起到適得其反的效果。
4、卷面
對(duì)于像作文這樣的主觀題而言，考生與閱卷老師從來(lái)就猶如搏弈，無(wú)形中彼此互動(dòng)、相互影響。一個(gè)考生可以做的，首先是通過(guò)卷面給閱卷老師下意識(shí)地傳達(dá)個(gè)人信息。用筆的顏色（深藍(lán)色使人心情放松愉快）、粗細(xì)（粗線條給人以安全感），整齊劃一的格式（段首或一律頂格或一律空兩格），明了的段落感（每段空一行），清晰的字?jǐn)?shù)感（一行以十字為宜），工整的字跡都會(huì)給任何閱讀者留下深刻的正面印象，從而使考生先發(fā)制人、取得先機(jī)。
5、結(jié)構(gòu)
有始有終、首尾照應(yīng)，是任何一篇好文章的基本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)之一，也是兩大評(píng)分原則之一。如果說(shuō)廣大考生已經(jīng)給第一段以足夠重視的話，那么是不是大多數(shù)考生都意識(shí)到了理由段的條理和最后一段的呼應(yīng)在全文中所具有的不可忽視的地位了呢？其實(shí)，要寫(xiě)好理由段，我們只需要注意表示啟承轉(zhuǎn)合的銜接詞即可。而要寫(xiě)好結(jié)尾，最好的方法莫過(guò)于溫故而知新，回顧第一段的大致內(nèi)容了。
6、表達(dá)
言之無(wú)文，行而不遠(yuǎn)。語(yǔ)言作為評(píng)分原則中的基本要素之一，在專(zhuān)四作文評(píng)分的整個(gè)過(guò)程中具有決定性作用。有評(píng)分老師甚至斷言：“It is not what you say，it is the way that you say it.”（重要的并不在于考生寫(xiě)了些什么，而在于考生是怎么表達(dá)的。）雖然這種說(shuō)法本身似乎有失偏頗，可是參加過(guò)國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化英語(yǔ)考試的同學(xué)應(yīng)該也聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)那么一句話，叫做：“Give the monkey exactly what he wants.”（給閱卷老師最想要的。），不是嗎？譬如同樣是描述數(shù)據(jù)，一些同學(xué)拘泥于圖表本身，動(dòng)輒按部就班地引用圖表上現(xiàn)成的數(shù)字和年代，其實(shí)這都是圖表作文的忌諱。聰明的同學(xué)引而不用，他們常喜歡用倍數(shù)、分?jǐn)?shù)、小數(shù)、百分比、或者一些動(dòng)詞（double / triple / quadruple）來(lái)表現(xiàn)極端數(shù)據(jù)，動(dòng)態(tài)數(shù)據(jù)以及他們的相異之處。
7、檢查
行百里者半九十。一篇成功的作文少不了反復(fù)推敲、一再修改。然而，由于考試時(shí)間和條件等諸多因素的限制，考生絕對(duì)需要慎重對(duì)待作文的檢查和修改。這里，我不得不提考生檢查作文時(shí)的三大“通病”，即，數(shù)字?jǐn)?shù)、孤芳自賞、和做結(jié)構(gòu)與內(nèi)容上的修改。我們必須明確：考試作文的潤(rùn)色和修改只需要達(dá)到三個(gè)目的即可：1.拼寫(xiě)正確，看文章中是否有漢字、多余符號(hào)、糊亂涂改、劃線、和錯(cuò)別字；2.搭配正確；和3.語(yǔ)法正確，特別是人稱(chēng)、時(shí)態(tài)、和單復(fù)數(shù)的三“一致”。
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